American Toad - Bufo americanus - NatureWorks (2024)

Characteristics

American Toad - Bufo americanus - NatureWorks (1) The American toad, sometimes called the hop toad, is 2-4½ inches in length. It can vary in color from tan, brown, reddish-brown, or olive green.

Some American toads are solid in color, but others may be patterned. It has a light white to yellow belly that usually has black or gray spots on it. It has dark round spots on its back with one or two warts in each spot. Its skin contains glands that produce a white toxin that helps protect the toad from predators. Some American toads have a stripe down the middle of their backs. Males are usually smaller than females and may have a dark throat.

Range
American Toad - Bufo americanus - NatureWorks (2)The American toad is found in most areas of eastern Canada and the United States. In Canada, it is found from southeast Manitoba to Labrador. In the United States, it is found from Minnesota east to New England and south to northeastern Louisiana, western Mississippi, northern Alabama and Georgia, and western North and South Carolina.
Habitat
American Toad - Bufo americanus - NatureWorks (3)The American toad is found in areas with lots of moisture and plenty of insects. It is often found in parks, yards, farmland, prairies, mountain areas, and forests.
Diet

The American toad uses its tongue to snap up insects. It may also eat spiders, earthworms, slugs, and other invertebrates.

Life Cycle

American Toad - Bufo americanus - NatureWorks (4)The American toad mates from March to July, depending on the latitude. Males go to shallow breeding ponds and call out to attract females with a distinctive high-pitched musical trill that can last for up to 30 seconds.When the female arrives at the breeding pond, the male grabs her until she discharges her eggs. The male then fertilizes the eggs by discharging fluid with sperm in it onto the eggs.

The eggs are encased in long spiral tubes of a jelly-like substance. They are laid in two separate strings with thousands of eggs in each string. The eggs are placed on submerged vegetation in shallow water. The tadpoles hatch in 3-12 days and become toads in 50-65 days. American toads usually survive only a year or two in the wild. Most tadpoles don't even survive long enough to become toads.

Behavior

The American toad is usually nocturnal. It spends daylight hours under cover. When cold weather arrives, it burrows into the ground and hibernates.

Toads don't cause warts, but the American toad produces a toxin in glands behind its eyes that can be harmful if swallowed, or if it gets in your eyes. The toxin protects it from some predators. For predators that aren't affected by the toxin, the American toad puffs itself up so that it looks bigger!

American Toad - Bufo americanus - NatureWorks (2024)

FAQs

What are some unique facts about the American toad? ›

They eat a wide variety of insects and other invertebrates, including snails, beetles, slugs, and earthworms. Unlike most toads, who wait for prey to come along and pounce on it, American toads can shoot out their sticky tongues to catch prey. They also may use their front legs in order to eat larger food.

How old is the American toad? ›

Lifespan: Toads in the wild only survive for 1-2 years however they may live to be 10 years old. There are accounts of toads living to be 30 years old in captivity. A toad's main predators are snakes, such as the Eastern Hognose Snake.

How do you get a pet American toad? ›

Your toad's enclosure should be large enough for them to move around and exercise. The recommended minimum enclosure size for juvenile toads is five to ten gallons. You may choose from a front-opening enclosure, such as an Exo Terra or a glass aquarium. As an adult, your toad should live in a 20+ gallon enclosure.

What are 5 facts about toads? ›

Toads
  • Toads have dry warty skin and shorter legs than frogs.
  • Toads crawl and frogs move in short jumps.
  • Frogs have a more angular head and shape compared to toads.
  • Only frogs have a dark patch behind their eye.
  • Frogs lay their spawn in a clump, whilst toads lay a long string of spawn.

Can you touch an American toad? ›

American toads have glands that produce a poisonous fluid that tastes bad to many predators. The poison is not lethal to humans, but it is important to wash your hands after touching a toad. Toads will inflate their lungs and lift their bodies to appear bigger to a potential predator.

Are American toads smart? ›

With their amazing brains, toads have been able to follow a maze in lab settings, but when you hang out with them, more mysteries unravel about their brain capacity. Last summer I had two frogs become daily swimming pals with my toads.

Is A toad Autistic? ›

Toad pretty much suffers from nearly every mental illness including Autism, ADHD, and Alzheimer's. He is a very friendly and carefree individual.

Is A toad a girl? ›

There are other female Toads, as seen in the Super Mario Super Show cartoon and games like Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door. As it were, Nintendo never really settled on a specific gender for the Toads, according to Hayashida. Toads are a genderless race that take on gendered characteristics.

Are American toads rare? ›

Conservation Status: The American Toad is not federally- or state-listed as endangered or threatened. This species has a NatureServe conservation ranking of G5-Secure and IUCN Red List category as Least Concern.

Do American toads need a friend? ›

American Toads can Co-Habitate

They don't need company, but as long as they have enough room and food, they can easily accommodate others of their own kind.

Do American toads like water? ›

American toads need a semi-permanent pond or oth- er shallow waterway in order to breed, get water and live when young. They also need deep vegetation for cover and hunting. rocks and even in wood piles. These toads eat a variety of foods such as worms, ants, spiders, mealworms, crickets, slugs and more.

What happens if my dog licks an American toad? ›

Within minutes of licking or ingesting a toad, drooling and frothing at the mouth occur. The gums may become very red and signs of pain, including pawing at the mouth or vocalizing, may be seen. Vomiting and diarrhea are common.

Can toads feel pain? ›

Veterinary articles have been published stating amphibians experience pain in a way analogous to mammals, and that analgesics are effective in control of this class of vertebrates. Shine et al., wrote that most animal ethics committees and the wider community believe that amphibians can feel pain.

What do toads do at night? ›

Adult Southern toads are most active at twilight, commonly found foraging for insects throughout the night. They spend their days in burrows that they create. Juveniles can be seen at almost any time of the day or night. To escape hot dry periods, they often burrow beneath the ground.

What do toads do all day? ›

Toads usually hide during the day in loose soil or in piles of dead leaves. Once the sun goes down, toads leave their hiding places and begin doing what they do best—hunt for insects. Gardeners appreciate having toads around because these amphibians eat many pests. Have you seen a toad in your yard?

What makes toads unique? ›

They differ from most frogs because they have dry skin, warts, crests behind the eyes, and parotoid glands. The parotoid glands produce a poisonous secretion that helps the toad defend itself from predators. This substance, called a bufotoxin, can cause death in small animals and allergic reactions in humans.

What are 5 facts about the golden toad? ›

Golden Toad
  • Name: Golden Toad; also known as Bufo periglenes.
  • Habitat: Tropical forests of Costa Rica.
  • Historical Epoch: Pleistocene-Modern (2 million-20 years ago)
  • Size and Weight: About 2-3 inches long and one ounce.
  • Diet: Insects.
  • Distinguishing Characteristics: Bright orange males; larger, less colorful females.
Jan 3, 2020

Does the American toad have teeth? ›

One of the least familiar differences between toads and frogs is that toads have no teeth, while all frog species have teeth. But frogs' teeth resemble sandpaper–just right for holding onto the insects they eat.

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